[¹®È­Àç»ç¶û] Çѱ¹ ¼º°û °ÇÃàÀÇ Áý´ë¼º ¼ö¿ø È­¼º
±Û_ ±Ç»ïÀ± ¿ª»ç¿©Çà°¡, ¼¼°è¹®È­À¯»ê Àü¹®°¡
»çÁø_ ±èÈ«±â, Çѱ¹°ü±¤°ø»ç

¼ö¿ø È­¼ºü¤àòÀº ¼º°ûµµ½ÃÀÌ´Ù. ¾ï¿ïÇÏ°Ô ¼¼»óÀ» ¶°³­ ¾Æ¹öÁö »çµµ¼¼ÀÚ¸¦ ±â¸®±â À§ÇØ ±× ¹«´ýÀ» ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¸í´ç ÅÍ·Î ¿Å±ä Á¤Á¶ ´ë¿ÕÀº °ð ±× Àαٿ¡ ½Åµµ½Ã È­¼ºü¤àòÀ» °Ç¼³Çß´Ù. °Å±â¿¡ ´çÆÄ½Î¿òÀ¸·Î ÇÇÆóÇØÁø ¿Õ±Ç°ú ±¹·ÂÀ» ÇÔ²² Ű¿ì°Ú´Ù´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ²ÞÀ» ´ã¾ÒÀ½Àº ¹°·ÐÀÌ´Ù.
¼ºÀÇ °Ç¼³¿¡´Â ½ÇÇÐÀÚ ´Ù»ê Á¤¾à¿ëÀÇ È°¾àÀÌ ÄÇ´Ù. ±×´Â È­°­¾ÏÀ¸·Î ½×¾Ò´ø Á¾·¡ÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀº ¸·´ëÇÑ ÀηÂÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î º®µ¹·Î ½×À» °ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ¿ÕÀÇ Àç°¡°¡ ¶³¾îÁöÀÚ ±×´Â µµ¸£·¡ÀÇ ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °ÅÁß±â¶ó´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °í¾ÈÇØ³Â´Ù. ´öºÐ¿¡ ¼ö¿ø È­¼ºÀº ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¼ºÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒÀÎ ¿Ë¼º, ¼º¹®, ¾Ï¹®, »ê´ë, ü¼º, Ä¡¼º, Àû´ë, Æ÷´ë, ºÀ¼ö´ë µîÀ» ¸ðµÎ °®Ãá ¡®Çѱ¹ ¼º°û °ÇÃàÀÇ Áý´ë¼º¡¯À̶õ ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù.


È­¼ºÀº ±æÀ̰¡ 5.4§°¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. Àå¾È¹®íþäÌÚ¦Àº Á¤¹®Àε¥, À§¿ëÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ´ë´ÜÇÏ´Ù. È­°­¾ÏÀ» ´Ùµë¾î Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹«Áö°³ ¹®À» ¸¸µé°í ±× ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¿ÕÀÇ °¡¸¶°¡ Áö³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ³ÐÀº ±æÀ» ³Â´Ù. ±× ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿Ë¼º°ú µÎ °³ÀÇ Àû´ë¸¦ ¼¼¿ö º¸È£Çß´Ù. ¿Ë¼ºÀº µ¶À» ¹ÝÀ¸·Î Âɰµ ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¼º¹®À» µÕ±Û°Ô °¨½Î°í ÀÖ¾î ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼­´Â ¾ÈÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¼ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø°í, Àû±ºÀÌ ¼º¹®À» ½±°Ô ºÎ¼öÁöµµ ¸øÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶´Ù.


 

³·¿¡´Â ¿¬±â·Î, ¹ã¿¡´Â ºÒ²ÉÀ¸·Î ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù


Àå¾È¹®¿¡¼­ ¼ºº®À» µû¶ó ¿ÞÂÊ, Áï µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î °É¾î°¡´Ù º¸¸é È«¼ö ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ¼ö¿øÃµ À§¿¡ ¼¼¿î ¼ö¹®ÀÎ È­È«¹®À» ¸¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. µÚÂÊ ¾ð´ö¿¡´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ ÁöºØÀ» °¡Áø ¹æÈ­¼ö·ùÁ¤Û¾ü£âË׳ïÍÀÌ ¼­ Àִµ¥, ±× ¸¶·ç¿¡ ¿À¸£¸é ½Ã½ÉÀÌ Àý·Î ÀδÙ.
¼ºº®Àº º®Ã¼¿Í ÈçÈ÷ ¼º°¡Äû ȤÀº »ì¹ÞÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â ¿©ÀåÒ³ííÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ¿©Àå°ú ¿©Àå »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÛÀº ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ¿©·µ ¶Õ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼È÷ µé¿©´Ùº¸¸é °¢µµ°¡ °¢±â ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ¸Õ °÷À» ÇâÇÑ °Í(¿øÃѾÈ)ÀÌ Àִ°¡ ÇÏ¸é °¡±î¿î °÷¸¸ º¸µµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Í(±ÙÃѾÈ)µµ ÀÖ´Ù.


¼ºº®¿¡´Â 100¹ÌÅÍ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î Ä¡¼ºÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¡¼ºÀ̶õ ¼ºº®¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â ÀûÀ» Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ±¸Á¶¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ±× Áß ´ëÆ÷¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ °÷Àº Æ÷·çøß×§·Î, ±º»çµéÀ» ¼û°ÜµÎ°í Àû±ºÀÌ º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ½Ã¼³¹°·Î °Ç¹°¸¸À» ¿Ã¸° °ÍÀº Æ÷·çøè×§¶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù. ¶Ç ³× ¸ð¼­¸®¿¡ ¼¼¿î °ÍÀº °¢·ç¶ó Çß´Ù. È­¼º¿¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡ °æ°èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ³ô°Ô ÁöÀº ¸Á·çÀÎ °ø½Éµ·µµ ÀÖ´Ù. º®¸é °÷°÷¿¡ ³ª ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸Û¿¡¼­´Â ¹æ¾î¿Í °ø°ÝÀº ¹°·Ð, Æ÷¸¦ ½ò ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


µ¿ºÏ°ø½Éµ·¿¡¼­ ÆÈ´Þ¹®À» ÇâÇØ °ÉÀ¸¸é ºÀµ·ÜìÔÂÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. È­°­¼®À» ½×¾Æ ¹Ù´ÚÀ» ´ÙÁø ´ÙÀ½ ±× À§¿¡ °ËÁ¤ º®µ¹·Î ÃàÁ¶ÇÑ ºÀµ·Àº ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ °î¼±À» ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ºÀÈ­´ë¿Í ¾î¿ì·¯Á® ¾Æ¸§´ä±â ±×Áö¾ø´Ù.


ºÎ±¹¿¡ÀÇ ¿°¿øÀÌ ¾î¸° ÆÈ´Þ¹®

È­¼ºÀÇ ³²¹®Àº ÆÈ´Þ¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÆÈ´ÞÀº ¡®»çÅëÆÈ´Þ¡¯À̶õ ¸»¿¡¼­ ³ª¿ÔÀ» Å×´Ï Àü±¹ °¢Áö·ÎºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷°ú ¹°»êÀÌ ¸ðÀ̰í Èð¾îÁø´Ù´Â ¶æÀ̸®¶ó. Áö±Ý ÆÈ´Þ¹® Á¿ìÀÇ ¼ºº®Àº Çæ·Á ±æÀÌ ³ª°í °Ç¹°µéÀÌ µé¾î¼¹Áö¸¸ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Àç·¡½ÃÀåÀÌ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ÆÈ´Þ¹®Àº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ÃëÁö¸¦ »ì¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇØµµ ±×¸® Ʋ¸° ¸»Àº ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


°¡Áö·±È÷ ½×¾Æ¿Ã¸° ¿õÀåÇÑ Ãà´ë À§·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â 2Ãþ ÁöºØÀÇ ÆÈ´Þ¹® ´©°¢Àº ³¯¾Æ°¥ µí ³¯·ÆÇÏ´Ù. ¼ºÀº ¾ÈÁ¤À» Èñ±¸ÇÏ¿© °íÂøµÈ ´À³¦À» ÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥ ÆÈ´Þ¹®ÀÇ ¿ìÁø°¢ ÁöºØÀº ¹«½¼ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ÀÎÁö ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ÇâÇØ ³¯¾Æ¿À¸¦ µíÇÑ ±â¼¼´Ù. º¸´Ù Àå´ëÇÏ°Ô º¸À̵µ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ÀûÀÇ °£´ãÀ» ¼­´ÃÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°íÀÚ ÇÑ °ÍÀϱî. ¾Æ´Ï¸é Á¤Á¶ÀÇ ²ÞÀÌÀÚ ¹é¼ºµéÀÇ ¶æÀ̾ú´ø ¡®ºÎ±¹¡¯¿¡ÀÇ ¿°¿øÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ú±â ¶§¹®Àϱî.


´Ù½Ã ¼ºº®À» µû¶ó °ÉÀ¸¸é È­¼­¹®ü¤à¤Ú¦ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÁÂ¿ì ¼ºº®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ¼®Ãà¿£ ¹«Áö°³ ¸ð¾çÀÇ ¹®À» ³»°í ±× À§¿¡ ´ÜÃþ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®·ç¸¦ ¼¼¿ö ¾È¿ÂÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Á® ÇѹøÂë ½¬¾î°¡°í ½ÍÀº ¸¶À½ÀÌ µç´Ù.
ÆÈ´Þ»ê Á¤»ó¿¡ À̸£¸é ¼­Àå´ë°¡ ¸ÂÀÌÇÑ´Ù. ¼­Àå´ë 2Ãþ¿¡ ¿À¸£¸é »ç¹æ 100¸®°¡ ÈÍÈ÷ ³»·Á´Ùº¸ÀδÙ. ¼º³» ±¸¼®±¸¼®À» »ìÇÊ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î ±º»ç¸¦ ÁöÈÖÇϱ⿡ Àû°ÝÀÌ´Ù. Á¤Á¶´Â Çý°æ±Ã È«¾¾ÀÇ È¸°©¿¬ ÇÏ·ç Àü³¯, ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾Æ¹öÁö ¹¦¼ÒÀÎ Çö¸ª¿ø¿¡ Âü¹èÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, À̰÷¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÁöÄѺ¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â ¼º¿ª °ø»ç¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³½ ¿µÀÇÁ¤ äÁ¦°øÀÇ ³ë°í¸¦ Ä¡ÇÏÇß´Ù°í ÀüÇÑ´Ù.


À¯³×½ºÄÚ´Â ¼ö¿ø È­¼ºÀÌ °¡Áø ƯÀÌÇÑ ¼º°û ±¸Á¶¿Í ÁÖÀ§È¯°æ°úÀÇ Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ï ¹ÌÇÐÀû ¼º°ú¸¦ ÀÌ·é Á¡ µîÀ» ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© 1997³â ¼¼°è¹®È­À¯»êÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ È­¼ºÀÇ ÃàÁ¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ±Û°ú ±×¸²À¸·Î ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¡®È­¼º¼º¿ªÀDZËü¤àòàòæµëðÏù¡¯°¡ °í½º¶õÈ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾î ¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î´À ¼ºµµ µû¸¦ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÇмúÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


 

Hwaseong Fortress, Culmination of Korean Fortress Architecture


Hwaseong, or Brilliant Fortress,is a fortress city in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do. King Jeongjo (r. 1776-1800) ordered the construction of the city near the tomb of his father, Crown Prince Sado, after relocating the tomb to one of the most auspicious sites in the country in an effort to restore the honor of his father who had died unjustifiably. By constructing the city, King Jeongjo also intended to restore national power and royal authority, which had been weakened by factional strife.
Jeong Yak-yong (pen name Dasan), a young intellectual who would later lead the silhak (pragmatic studies) school, played an important role in constructing the fortress. He suggested using bricks instead of granite, as the then-popular method of building a fortress with granite required a large labor force. Once the king granted permission, Jeong contrived a device called geojunggi, a sort of hoist, based on the working principles of a pulley. In constructing Hwaseong Fortress, he incorporated all the elements of Korean fortress architecture such as semi-circular bastion walls, main and secret gates, flying towers, fortress body, square bastions, protruding battlements, casemates and beacontowers. Hence the fortress is described as the ?ulmination of Korean fortress architecture.


The fortress walls extend to as long as 5.4 kilometers. Its imposing main gate Janganmun comprises a large arched granite entrance and a broad passage for the king? palanquin. In front of the gate are a semi-circular bastion wall and two protruding battlements serving as protective facilities. The semi-circular wall prevents the enemy forces from looking inside the fortress and makes it hard to break into the gate.


 

Smoke signals during the day, fire at night







Walking along the wall to the east from Janganmun Gate, one encounters the floodgate Hwahongmun erected over Suwoncheon Stream. On the hill at the back is Banghwasuryujeong Pavilion with its unique roof. The pavilion commands a view so beautiful that it inspires poetic feelings.
The fortress walls consist of the body and the battlements. A close look at the crenels shows that their angles vary according to the desired shooting ranges.
On top of the ramparts are square bastions at 100 meter intervals. These protruding structures were used to attack from the sides the enemy combatants approaching the ramparts. The bastions equipped with cannons are called poru those with the structures obstructing the view of enemy forces, also called poru with different Chinese characters; and those at the four corners, gangnu. Other protective facilities include the observation tower called gongsimdon(Tower with empty interior") in which soldiers would fire the cannons through the wall holes.
Walking toward the southern main gate Paldalmun from the northeastern observation tower, a beacon tower comes into a view. The granite-floored beacon tower made of black bricks harmonizes beautifully with the gracefully curved beacon mounds.


 

Paldalmun, reflecting wishes for a prosperous country
The name of the southern gate Paldalmun is assumed to have originated from the phrase "satong paldal" ("running in all directions"), reflecting the wish that people and goods from all over the country would gather at and be distributed from the site. The ramparts have been demolished and replaced by roads and buildings, leaving the gate standing alone. But as a traditional market sits on the site, it is not far-fetched to say that the gate still serves its original intention.
The two-story hipped roof pavilion on the uniformly stacked, grand embankment appears as if it would fly into the sky at any moment, a departure from the typical fortress that imparts a sense of stability. It is surmised that by making the structure look larger and more robust the intention was to strike terror into the enemy? heart. Or perhaps the sharp appearance reflects the wishes of both the king and the people for the prosperity of the country.
Walking along the fortress walls again, one comes to Hwaseomun Gate with an arch-shaped entrance in the middle and a single-story pavilion atop. The gate exudes tranquility and people often take a short break here before continuing exploration of the fortress.
Perched on Mt. Paldalsan is the command post Seojangdae. From the post's second floor, one can see as far as 40km away and watch over every nook and corner of the fortress. On the day before his mother? 60th birthday, King Jeongjo and his mother, Lady Hyegyeonggung, paid reverence at his father's tomb Hyeolneungwon and came up to the post to watch a military drill. On the same day, the king is said to have praised Prime Minister Chae Je-gong for his successful completion of the fortress.
Recognized for its unique structure and aesthetic harmony with the surrounding environment, Hwaseong Fortress was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997. Moreover, Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe, the illustrated records on the construction of the fortress, is appreciated for its academic value.
ÀÔ·Â : 2008.08.29 14:44 / ¼öÁ¤ : 2008.08.29 14:48